Fracture resistance of CAD/CAM endocrowns made from different materials in maxillary premolar interproximal defects.

OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study aims to compare the fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM materials used in endocrown restoration of interproximal defects in maxillary premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 45 maxillary premolars extracted as part of orthodontic treatment were included. Following standardized root canal treatment, all teeth were prepared into Mesial-Occlusal (MO) cavity types. The samples were then randomly divided into three groups: LD [repaired with lithium disilicate glass ceramics (IPS e.max CAD)], VE [treated with polymer-infiltrated ceramics (Vita Enamic)], and LU [repaired with resin-based nanoceramics (Lava Ultimate)]. Axial static loading was applied using a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min until fracture, and fracture resistance and failure modes were recorded. RESULTS: Regarding Fracture Resistance Values (FRVs), the LD group exhibited significantly higher values than the other two groups, VE (P = 0.028) and LU (P = 0.005), which showed no significant difference (P = 0.778). On the other hand, regarding failure modes, the LD group had a higher prevalence of irreparable fractures compared to the other two groups, VE (P < 0.001) and LU (P < 0.001), which showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Although lithium disilicate glass ceramics exhibited higher FRVs, they had a lower repair probability. In contrast, polymer-infiltrated ceramics and resin-based nanoceramics contributed to tooth structure preservation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For maxillary premolars with interproximal defects following root canal treatment, resin ceramic composites are recommended for restoration to enhance abutment teeth protection.

Transcriptome Sequencing of Gingival Tissues from Impacted Third Molars Patients Reveals the Alterations of Gene Expression.

OBJECTIVE: The removal of impacted third molars by surgery may occur with a series of complications, whereas limited information about the postoperative pathogenesis is available. The objective of this study is to identify changes in gene expression after flap surgical removal of impacted third molars and provide potential information to reduce postoperative complications. METHODS: The gingival tissues of twenty patients with flap surgical removal of impacted third molars and twenty healthy volunteers were collected for gene expression testing. The collected gingival tissues were used RNA sequencing technology and quantitative real-time PCR validation was performed. DEG was mapped to protein databases such as GO and KEGG for functional annotation and, based on annotation information, for mining of differential expression genes in patients with mpacted third molars. RESULTS: A total of 555 genes were differentially expressed. Among the top up-regulated genes, HLA-DRB4, CCL20, and CXCL8 were strongly associated with immune response and signal transduction. Among the top down-regulated genes, SPRR2B, CLDN17, LCE3D and LCE3E were related to keratinocyte differentiation, IFITM5, and BGLAP were related to bone mineralization, UGT2B17 is associated with susceptibility to osteoporosis. KEGG results showed that the DEGs were related to multiple disease-related pathways. CONCLUSION: This first transcriptome analysis of gingival tissues from patients with surgical removal of impacted third molars provides new insights into postoperative genetic changes. The results may establish a basis for future research on minimizing the incidence of complications after flap-treated third molars.

Fecal microbiota transplantation from sodium alginate-dosed mice and normal mice mitigates intestinal barrier injury and gut dysbiosis induced by antibiotics and cyclophosphamide.

This study investigated the protective properties of fecal microbiota derived from mice treated with sodium alginate (SA) and normal mice with both types immunosuppressed by exposure to antibiotics and cyclophosphamide. A dietary intervention using SA obviously increased the diversity and improved the composition of gut microbiota in normal mice. Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from both mice treated with sodium alginate and normal mice alleviated spleen tissue damage and improved immune function. FMT alleviated intestinal mucosal injury and reduced intestinal permeability via increasing mucin and tight junction protein expression. In addition, FMT reduced gut inflammation via down-regulating the expression of toll-like receptor 4 protein. Furthermore, FMT treatment improved the disordered gut microbiota via increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group whilst decreasing the abundance of Bacteroides. PICRUSt2 function prediction analysis showed that, compared with the model group, FMT treatment significantly down-regulated lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway-fly. Collectively, we found that SA can regulate the gut microbiota structure of normal mice and confirms the effectiveness of FMT in alleviating intestinal barrier damage and gut dysbiosis in antibiotic-cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. This work also reveals that SA can potentially alleviate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide in mice by modulating the intestinal microbiota and exploiting their functional properties.

One-Pot Synthesis of N,N-Diphenyl-2-benzothiazolamines from 1-(2-Iodophenyl)-3-phenylthioureas and Iodobenzenes.

An efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of a variety of N,N-diphenyl-2-benzothiazolamines was developed. Starting from substituted 1-(2-iodophenyl)-3-phenylthioureas and substituted iodobenzenes, the reaction proceeded smoothly via a tandem manner in the presence of CuI to afford the corresponding N,N-diphenyl-2-benzothiazolamine derivatives with good functional group tolerance. The protocol features simple performance, easily available starting materials, a one-pot manner, and good functional group tolerance, providing a practical strategy for the preparation of poly-functionalized amines.

Sodium alginate and galactooligosaccharides ameliorate metabolic disorders and alter the composition of the gut microbiota in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity.

We aimed to investigate the effects of sodium alginate (SA) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on the metabolism and gut microbiota of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. GOS and SA delayed high-fat diet-induced obesity, reduced the epididymal fat and liver indices, and improved the circulating lipid profile. Low- and high-dose GOS reduced weight gain by 48.8 % and 35.3 %, and low- and high-dose SA reduced it by 37.7 % and 34.4 %, respectively. GOS and SA reduced blood glucose concentration, probably by increasing the expression of glucose transporter 4. GOS and SA increased the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), reduced the D-lactic acid (D-LA) and lipopolysaccharide concentrations, and reduced the expression of toll-like receptors, consistent with improved intestinal barrier function. GOS and SA also increased the abundance of Bacteroidota, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus; and reduced that of Patescibacteria in the gut. The abundance of Parabacteroides positively correlated with the circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration; that of Lactobacillus negatively correlated with LDL-C, D-LA, and tumor necrosis factor-α concentration; and that of Bifidobacterium positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration, according to Spearman correlation analysis. In conclusion, SA and GOS ameliorate obesity and the associated metabolic disorders in mice, and also modulate their gut microbial composition.

Epidemiological statistics of congenital thumb duplication in the Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Thumb duplication is a very common congenital malformation. This study describes and compares the phenotypic manifestations of polydactyly between southwest and northeast China. However, previous studies had a limited sample size. Therefore, this study used a large sample. METHODS: A total of 3549 well-characterized thumb duplication cases were divided into group A (southwest China) and group B (northeast China). RESULTS: In group A and group B, the left-to-right ratio was 1:1.5 and 1:1.75, respectively, and the female-to-male ratio was 1:1.5 and 1:1.58, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in gender distribution or the distribution of left and right polydactyly between the two groups, but the distribution of bilateral polydactyly was significantly different.

Development of a solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and its application for the determination of chlorophenols in water coupled with GC.

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) coupled to GC with a micro electron-capture detector was developed for the determination of four chlorphenols in water samples for the first time. A novel and simple method for the preparation of this novel SPME fiber was proposed by copolymerization of methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in an appropriate solvent using a glass capillary as a "mold". The factors affecting the polymerization were optimized in detail. Furthermore, the extraction performance of the poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) fiber was evaluated. Moreover, experimental headspace-SPME parameters, such as extraction temperature, extraction time, salt concentration, stirring speed, and pH, were optimized by orthogonal array experimental designs. Under the optimized conditions, the target analytes were linear in the range of 0.2-50 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.99. RSD was less than 8.9%, and the detection limits were in the range of 0.1-10 ng/L. Four cholorphenols were detected from tap and lake water samples using the proposed method, with the recoveries of spiked natural water samples were ranged from 91.8 to 110.8, and 90.6 to 111.4% for tap and lake water samples, respectively.

[An embedded peak recognition algorithm design for chromatography data in portable gas chromatographic instrument].

The evaluation and validation of an embedded peak recognition algorithm design for chromatography data analysis are presented. This portable gas chromatographic (GC) system can easily generate the measurement results directly without computer (PC) connecting in the field. In this research project, we demonstrated the sequential mapping as the peak recognition method to distinguish each part of the chromatographic peak. The new recognition algorithm not only reduces the dependence on the slope threshold, but also improves the relativity and accuracy of the data analysis process. The practice showed that the embedded analysis system can detect all the components even in the complex cases. Its output result was proven to be comparable to the Chemstation software data processing result. This portable GC design meets the analysis demand in the field and improves the convenience for its quick time response.